Insurance contracts specify that premiums and losses are known for which type of insurance?

The assertion that premiums and losses are known for insurance contracts does not hold true across all types of insurance. In the context of insurance, the term "known" refers to situations where both the premium and potential loss can be quantified with a high degree of certainty.

In life insurance, premiums are generally calculated based on actuarial data, allowing insurers to estimate premiums based on the life expectancy of the insured. However, the exact timing and amount of losses (claims) are uncertain until they occur.

Health insurance operates similarly; while premiums can be determined based on statistical risks associated with health conditions, the frequency and intensity of claims can vary significantly, making losses unpredictable.

Property insurance likewise uses historical data to estimate premiums. Still, unforeseen events (like natural disasters) can lead to losses that are highly variable and often cannot be precisely anticipated.

Thus, none of these insurance types provide a definitive knowledge of both premiums and losses, reinforcing the assertion in the question that it is false for all types when considering the unpredictability inherent in predicting losses across the various types of insurance.